Quantum mind: Roger Penrose, Orch-OR, David Bohm, David Chalmers, Shadows of the Mind, Stuart Hameroff, Karl H. Pribram, Holonomic brain theory, Quantum brain dynamics, The Emperors New Mind, Henry Stapp

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 22. Chapters: Roger Penrose, Orch-OR, David Bohm, David Chalmers, Shadows of the Mind, Stuart Hameroff, Karl H. Pribram, Holonomic brain theory, Quantum brain dynamics, The Emperor's New Mind, Henry Stapp, The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, Evan Harris Walker. Excerpt: The quantum mind or quantum consciousness hypothesis proposes that classical mechanics cannot explain consciousness, while quantum mechanical phenomena, such as quantum entanglement and superposition, may play an important part in the brain's function, and could form the basis of an explanation of consciousness. There are several quite distinct quantum mind theories, and these are discussed in the sections below. David Bohm took the view that quantum theory and relativity contradicted one another, and that this contradiction implied that there existed a more fundamental level in the physical universe. He claimed that both quantum theory and relativity pointed towards this deeper theory. This more fundamental level was supposed to represent an undivided wholeness and an implicate order, from which arose the explicate order of the universe as we experience it. Bohm's implicate order applies both to matter and consciousness, and he proposed that it could explain the relationship between them. Mind and matter are here seen as projections into our explicate order from the underlying reality of the implicate order. Bohm claims that when we look at the matter in space, we can see nothing in these concepts that helps us to understand consciousness. In trying to describe the nature of consciousness, Bohm discusses the experience of listening to music. He thinks that the feeling of movement and change that make up our experience of music derives from both the immediate past and the present both being held in the brain together, with the notes from the past seen as transformations rather than memories. The notes that were implicate in the immediate past are seen as becoming explicate in the present. Bohm views this as consciousness emerging from the implicate order. Bohm sees the movement, change or flow and also the coherence of experiences, such as listening to music as a manifestation of the implicate order. He claims to derive evidence for this from the work of Jean Piaget