Paganism of Lithuanians and Prussians. Volume 1

Content

Introduction / 7

1. Sacred sites, cult buildings and sacrifice sites of the Lithuanians and Prussians: From Romava to the granary-barn fireplace / 15

1.1. Sacred Sites / 20

1.2. Temples / 24

1.2.1. Romava / 26

1.2.1.1. Written sources 26

1.2.1.2. Name of temple / 32

1.2.1.3. Location of temple / 37

1.2.2. The Temple of Perkūnas / 40

1.3. Sacrificial offering sites / 43

1.3.1. The Granary Barn / 43

1.3.1.1. Name and function of the building / 44

1.3.1.2. Offerings in the jauja in the 16th-18th centuries / 46

1.3.1.3. The jauja in 19th-20th century folklore and folk beliefs / 56

1.3.2. The Sauna / 62

1.3.2.1. Building name and function / 63

1.3.2.2. Heating the sauna for the gods / 67

1.3.2.3. Heating the sauna for the ancestors / 72

1.3.2.4. The sauna and family holidays / 76

1.3.2.5. The sauna and health / 79

2. Lithuanian and Prussian žyniai 83

2.1. Tulissones, Ligaschones / 85

2.1.1. Attempts to determine functions and the origin of titles / 87

2.1.2. Tulissones, Ligaschones and mourners / 99

2.1.3. Tulissones, Ligasehones and preachers of sermons / 109

2. 2. Criwe, crywe kyrvaito /111

2.2.1. History of research 114

2.2.2. Functions of the krivis / 1 18

2.3. Wourschkaity, Segnote, waideler / weideler, Maldininks, Weiduluttin 123 

2.4. The Beggar-Pilgrim 133

2.4.1. The pilgrim-beggar in Prussian Lithuania / 136

2.4.2. The pilgrim-beggar in Lithuania / 144

2.4.3. The image of the pilgrim-beggar in folklore and customs / 149

3. Images of the gods of Lithuania and Prussia / 161

3.1. History of research / 163

3.2. Information from the written sources / 166

3.2.1. Pre-Christian-era sources / 171

3.2.2. Sources describing the pre-Christian era but written after the introduction of Christianity / 174

3.2.2.1. Authenticity of information in Simon Grunau's chronicle / 177

3.2.2.2. Authenticity of information in the Bykhovts Chronicle / 182

3.2.2.3. Authenticity of information from Augustinus Rotundus / 185

3.2.3. Sources from after the introduction of Christianity dealing with the Christian period / 187

Conclusion 192

Literature and sources 196