Molecular Basis of Pulmonary Disease: Insights from Rare Lung Disorders

theRareLungDiseaseConsortium,anetworkof13USandinter- tionalsitesthatiscurrentlyconductingclinicaltrialsandstudiesinLAM,alphaone antitrypsin de ciency, pediatric interstitial lung disease, and PAP. It has been a rare privilegetoworkonsuchfascinatingdiseaseswithsuchcapableinvestigatorsfromall overtheworldoverthepast6years. v vi Preface Theformatforthisvolumeisunique. Mostchaptershavebeenauthoredbyacli- cianandabasicscientistwhoareexpertinthediseasetopicandunderlyingmolecular defect,respectively. Theirchargewastofocusonthegeneticbasisandmolecularpat- genesisofdisease,animalmodels,clinicalfeatures,diagnosticapproach,conventional managementandtreatment,andfuturetherapeutictargetsanddirections. Theintentwas nottoprovideabroadoverview,butrathertoshedlightonthemolecularmechanisms thatevoketheclinicalpresentationandengendertreatmentstrategiesforeachdisease. Wehopethatthisapproachwillproveusefulforpulmonarycliniciansandscientists alike. Wethankourwives,Holly,Jean,andVicky,fortheirsupportandindulgencewith latenightemailsandwork- lledweekends,Dr. Roundsfortheinvitationtowritethe book,andalloftheauthorswhocontributed. FrancisMcCormack,MD RalphPanos,MD BruceTrapnell,MD Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1 AClinicalApproachtoRareLungDiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 RalphJ. Panos 2 ClinicalTrialsforRareLungDiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 JeffreyKrischer 3 IdiopathicandFamilialPulmonaryArterialHypertension . . . . . . . . 39 JeanM. Elwing,GailH. Deutsch,WilliamC. Nichols, andTimothyD. LeCras 4 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 ElizabethP. HenskeandFrancisX. McCormack 5 AutoimmunePulmonaryAlveolarProteinosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 BruceC. Trapnell,KohNakata,andYoshikazuInoue 6 MutationsinSurfactantProteinCandInterstitialLungDisease . . . . . 133 RalphJ. Panosan