Hydrogen production: Electrolysis, Anaerobic digestion, Water splitting, Microbial fuel cell, Biohydrogen, Electrolysis of water, Artificial photosynthesis, Schikorr reaction, Photocatalytic water splitting, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dark fermentation

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 60. Chapters: Electrolysis, Anaerobic digestion, Water splitting, Microbial fuel cell, Biohydrogen, Electrolysis of water, Artificial photosynthesis, Schikorr reaction, Photocatalytic water splitting, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dark fermentation, Biological hydrogen production, Oxyhydrogen, Fossil fuel reforming, Sulfur-iodine cycle, Heterogeneous water oxidation, High-temperature electrolysis, Petroleum product, Stuart Island, Photoelectrochemical cell, Copper-chlorine cycle, Water gas shift reaction, High pressure electrolysis, Electrochemical fluorination, Microbial electrolysis cell, Wind-hydrogen hybrid power system, Methanol reformer, Hofmann voltameter, Methane reformer, PROX, Energy carrier, Hydrosol-2, Regenerative fuel cell, Partial oxidation, Unitized regenerative fuel cell, Hybrid sulfur cycle, Solid oxide electrolyser cell, The Hopewell Project, Cerium(IV) oxide-cerium(III) oxide cycle, Electrohydrogenesis, Anaerobic corrosion, Fermentative hydrogen production, Photofermentation, Home Energy Station, Zinc-zinc oxide cycle, Kværner-process, Lolland Hydrogen Community, Photohydrogen, Lane hydrogen producer, Hydridic Earth theory, Reformer sponge iron cycle, Next Generation Nuclear Plant, Staged reforming, Iron oxide cycle, Linde-Frank-Caro process, Carbon dioxide reforming, Electrolytic process, Homefueler. Excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to release energy. The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials in order to break down insoluble organic polymers such as carbohydrates and make them available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. Acetogenic bacteria then convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide. It is used as part of the process to treat biodegradable waste and sewage sludge As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose-grown energy crops such as maize. Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, consisting of methane and carbon dioxide. This biogas can be used directly as cooking fuel, in combined heat and power gas engines or upgraded to natural gas quality biomethane. The utilisation of biogas as a fuel helps to replace fossil fuels. The nutrient-rich digestate that is also produced can be used as fertilizer. The technical expertise required to maintain industrial scale anaerobic digesters coupled with high capital costs and low process efficiencies had limited the level of its industrial application as a waste treatment technology. Anaerobic digestion facilities have, however, been recognized by the United Nations Development Programme as one of the most useful decentralized sources of energy supply, as they are less capital intensive than large power plants. Gas street lampScientific interest in the manufacturing of gas produced by the natura