Fuel injection systems

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 33. Chapters: Anti-dribble valve, Digifant Engine Management system, Electronic control unit, Engine control unit, Envirofit International, Fuel injection, Fuel rail, Gasoline direct injection, Indirect injection, Injection pump, Jacketed fuel injection pipe, Jetronic, Kugelfischer, Lucas 14CUX, MegaSquirt, Motronic, Orbital Corporation, Powertrain control module, SDI (engine), SPICA, Turbocharged Direct Injection, VEMS. Excerpt: Fuel rail connected to the injectors that are mounted just above the intake manifold on a four-cylinder engine.Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive engines, having replaced carburetors during the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion engine. The primary difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies on suction created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi tube to draw the fuel into the airstream. Modern fuel injection systems are designed specifically for the type of fuel being used. Some systems are designed for multiple grades of fuel (using sensors to adapt the tuning for the fuel currently used). Most fuel injection systems are for gasoline or diesel applications. The functional objectives for fuel injection systems can vary. All share the central task of supplying fuel to the combustion process, but it is a design decision how a particular system is optimized. There are several competing objectives such as: The modern digital electronic fuel injection system is more capable at optimizing these competing objectives consistently than earlier fuel delivery systems (such as carburetors). Carburetors have the potential to atomize fuel better (see Pogue and Allen Caggiano patents). Operational benefits to the driver of a fuel-injected car include smoother and more dependable engine response during quick throttle transitions, easier and more dependable engine starting, better operation at extremely high or low ambient temperatures, smoother engine idle and running, increased maintenance intervals, and increased fuel efficiency. On a more basic level, fuel injection does away with the choke, which on carburetor-equipped vehicles must be operated