Francisco Goya paintings: The Third of May 1808, List of Francisco Goyas tapestry cartoons, Witches Sabbath, The Dog, La Leocadia, Saturn Devouring His Son, Black Paintings, Man Mocked by Two Women, Frescoes in the Cartuja de Aula Dei, The Forge, The Co

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 36. Chapters: The Third of May 1808, List of Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons, Witches' Sabbath, The Dog, La Leocadia, Saturn Devouring His Son, Black Paintings, Man Mocked by Two Women, Frescoes in the Cartuja de Aula Dei, The Forge, The Colossus, Judith and Holofernes, The Parasol, Yard with Lunatics, Asmodea, The Burial of the Sardine, Men Reading, Christ Crucified, Atropos, A Pilgrimage to San Isidro, La maja desnuda, The Second of May 1808, The Junta of the Philippines, Adoration of the Name of God, Two Old Men, Two Old Men Eating Soup, Charles IV of Spain and His Family, Fight with Cudgels, Portrait of Doña Isabel de Porcel, A Procession of Flagellants, Charles IV in his Hunting Clothes, The Madhouse, The Milkmaid of Bordeaux, The Inquisition Tribunal, La maja vestida, Blind Man's Bluff, Prison Interior, Countess of Chinchon, May the rope break!. Excerpt: The Third of May 1808 (also known as , or , or ) is a painting completed in 1814 by the Spanish painter Francisco Goya, now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. In the work, Goya sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies during the occupation of 1808. Along with its companion piece of the same size, The Second of May 1808 (or The Charge of the Mamelukes), it was commissioned by the provisional government of Spain at Goya's suggestion. The painting's content, presentation, and emotional force secure its status as a groundbreaking, archetypal image of the horrors of war. Although it draws on many sources from both high and popular art, The Third of May 1808 marks a clear break from convention. Diverging from the traditions of Christian art and traditional depictions of war, it has no distinct precedent, and is acknowledged as one of the first paintings of the modern era. According to the art historian Kenneth Clark, The Third of May 1808 is "the first great picture which can be called revolutionary in every sense of the word, in style, in subject, and in intention". The Third of May 1808 has inspired a number of other major paintings, including a series by Édouard Manet, and Pablo Picasso's Massacre in Korea as well as his masterpiece Guernica. Napoleon I of France declared himself First Consul of the French Republic on 18 February 1799, and crowned himself Emperor in 1804. Because Spain controlled access to the Mediterranean, the country was politically and strategically important to French interests. The reigning Spanish sovereign, Charles IV, was internationally regarded as ineffectual. Even in his own court he was seen as a "half-wit king who renounces cares of state for the satisfaction of hunting", and a cuckold unable to control his energetic wife, Maria Luisa of Parma. Napoleon took advantage of the weak king by suggesting the two nations conquer and divide Portugal, with France and Spain each taking a third of the spoils, and the final third go