FOREIGN EXCHANGE POLICY IN VENEZUELA. More than 100 Years of History

For several decades of the twentieth century, Venezuela enjoyed a prolonged period of low inflation, high growth, and social progress. During those years, a fixed-exchange-rate policy was followed that could be characterized as highly successful. However, things changed radically beginning in the mid-1970s. The economy's heavy dependence on oil revenue made it extremely vulnerable, at the mercy of volatile international petroleum prices. In this period of economic swings, which has been underway for more than 45 years, multiple exchange-rate policies have been implemented. They have had decisive impacts on the country's economic, social, political, and institutional conditions. That has made the Venezuelan economy a foreign-exchange experimentation lab. This book discusses the characteristics of these different foreign exchange policies, their evolution, their effectiveness, and the consequences they have brought about. The conclusions focus on what might be the most suitable foreign-exchange policy for Venezuela and the right way forward to getting the country out of the disarray it finds itself in today. ***** This book is destined to be a must-read for university study programs everywhere. It will enrich the libraries of economics schools, research centers, governments, companies, and international organizations. I have no doubt that it will be useful, not only for Venezuelans but also for analysts and academics worldwide. And for those for whom the Venezuelan phenomenon produces great perplexity (for, how did such a rich country become so poor?), it is an invaluable guide to mistakes to be avoided. Moisés Naím, PhD Distinguished Fellow Carnegie Endowment for International Peace